Monthly Archives: March 2010

O Level A-Math: Quadratic Equations & Discriminant

If you are taking Additional Mathematics (A-Math) or are learning Quadratic Equations, do check out the following blogpost by Ai Ling, Ong (author of singaporeolevelmaths.com) – my colleague who is the Math Master Trainer for Winners Education Group.

Here she shares her thoughts (via a 5 mins video) on:

  1. Common Mistakes made by students when it comes to Quadratic Equations & Discriminant
  2. Strategy that you can used to score the marks you truly deserve for Quadratic Equations in Math

Click HERE to view the video!

Hope you benefit from it! =)

PS: If you do not learn Quadratic Equations, do not fret! Stay tuned for the next post here where i share with you some important Tips on Chemical Bondings!

O Level Chemistry: Mole Calculations – Limiting & Excess Reactants

In the previous blogpost, we have discussed on the concepts surrounding Limiting & Excess Reactants, as well as look into one example.

Now, it is time for you to try out a question on your own.

Quick Check 1:
In the presence of a catalyst and at suitable temperature, 200cm3 of sulfur dioxide was reacted with 200cm3 of oxygen to form a gaseous product, sulfur trioxide. What is the total volume of gases remaining in the reaction vessel after the reaction?     (2 marks)

Clue: You need to write a balanced chemical equation first!

PS: Do write down your answer in the comment section below.  Showing of working is even better for your learning purpose.

O Level Chemistry: Mole Calculations – Limiting & Excess Reactants

Concepts of Limiting & Excess Reactants are so commonly tested in school exams as well as ‘O’ Levels Chemistry examinations. However, many students seemed to have very weak foundation of the essential concepts surrounding it.

Before we even visit any question, it is important to understand the definition of both reactants.

Limiting Reactant:

- The reactant that is completely used up in a chemical reaction

- It determines or limits the amount of products formed in a reaction

Excess Reactant:

- The reactant that are not used up in a chemical reaction

- There is always an excess at the end of the reaction, stays unreacted

Example:

Reaction of hydrogen gas with chlorine according to the equation below:

H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) –> 2HCl (g)

We can see that 1 mole of H2 reacts with 1 mole of Cl2 to form 2 moles of HCl

Scenario A: When 1 mole of H2 added to 1 mole of Cl2

Results: 2 moles of HCl are

Mole Calculations Mastery Workshop 2010 – Successful Completion

With 1-week March School Holidays in Singapore coming to an end, we have also successfully conducted our 3 Days annual Mole Calculations Mastery Workshop 2010 during this holiday period.

Mole Calculations Mastery Workshop 2010 Class Pix

The 3 days was fun-filled with plenty of activities, participation and discussions. I am very proud to say that this current group of students that had just completed the said workshop is one of the best batch i have ever coached. They didn’t know much about Mole Calculations (some call it Mole Concepts) when we first started, but their enthusiasm and willingness to learn makes it a joy to coach them. They were so responsive and highly motivated to do well for this voted No. 1 Killer Topic in GCE ‘O’ Levels (and IP and IGCSE) Chemistry. Students were from the following secondary schools:

  • Cedar Girls’ Secondary School
  • Clementi Town Secondary School
  • Dunman Secondary School
  • Junyuan Secondary School
  • Outram Park Secondary School
  • Raffles Girl’s School
  • St. Andrew’s Secondary School
  • St. Hilda’s Secondary School
  • St. Margaret’s Secondary School
  • Tanjong Katong Girl’s School
  • Whitley Secondary School

It is wonderful to know that we have coached students from more than 80 Secondary Schools in Singapore as well as a couple of them from overseas ie, malaysia, indonesia, mauritius, etc – making a difference to their lives through our coaching.

Mole Calculations Pix 1

It is always great to know that the participants felt good excellent motivated & confident after the completion of each workshop. Here is  a few thoughts on recent Mole Calculations Mastery Workshop:

“Personally I feel this workshop has helped me a lot as before I started if I was lost in the chapter of Mole Calculations. But now after attending this workshop, it has gave me a lot of confidence to face Mole questions. I would be happy to recommend this programme to my fellow friends as I think it would help them out too!”

Jedaiah Gwee, St. Andrew’s Secondary School

“Through this programme, I have literally had tremendous improvement for Mole Calculations =) In the past, I really couldn’t get a single questions on

O Level Chemistry: Mole Calculations – Concentrations of Solutions

In Mole Calculations, many students lose marks in questions related to Volumetric Analysis, especially on those that requires them to understand the concepts of CONCENTRATIONS of solutions. Volumetric Analysis are always a highlight in our annual Mole Calculations Mastery Workshop.

Concentrations of a solution refers to the amount of solute dissolved in 1 dm3 of the solution.

Do note that:

Solution = Solute (minor component) + Solvent (major component)

Usually in basic chemistry such as O Levels, the solvent used is Water. As such, the solution formed is usually aqueous solutions whereby certain solid or liquid are dissolved in water.

Concentrations can be expressed in:

  • Grams of solute per dm3 (unit will be g/dm3)
  • Moles of solute per dm3 (unit will be mol/dm3)

The most important formulae student need to know in volumetric analysis are:

Conc. (mol/dm3)  = Amt. of Solute (mol) / Vol. of Solution (dm3)

&

Conc. (g/dm3)  = Amt. of Solute (g) / Vol. of Solution (dm3)

Let’s check out a question to see how we can use the formulae above.

Question:

60g of NaOH is dissolved in water and make up to the total volume of 500cm3. Calculate the

O Level Chemistry: Mole Calculations – Balanced Chemical & Ionic Equations

As you can see from the on-going survey on the right hand side, Mole Calculations (commonly known as Mole Concepts) has been voted by students as the #1 Killer Topic in O Level Chemistry (and other equivalent basic Chemistry Syllabus).

In fact, a large number of students skip the calculation-based questions when they see it on Chemistry examination, fearing that they spend alot of time on that question, and yet could not answer it.

Over the years, this topic is often voted the “Hot Favorite” on students’ challenging topics. Some:

  • have problems understanding what the question is asking for
  • do not know where to start
  • totally blank when they read the question
  • too confused with the formulae to use
  • gave up on Mole Calculations totally

Many a times, question will require you to write a Balance Chemical Equation in order to solve the question. Other times, they will also require you to write the Ionic Equation and state the Spectator Ion.
As such you will need the following basic foundations that i have shared some time ago:

4 Steps-Process to write a Balanced Chemical Equation

7 Steps-Strategy to write the Ionic Equation & Spectator Ion

The best way to learn is NOT TO READ, but to DO IT!

Let’s try out one exam-based question(similar to O Level Chemistry Exams):

Question 1:

Copper (II) oxide reacts with dilute sulfuric acid to produce a salt, copper (II) sulfate and water. This process is known as Neutralisation.
i)  Write a balanced chemical equation with state symbols
ii) Write the ionic equation and state the spectator ion of this reaction

PS: Try it out and leave your answers below.

Extension to Early Bird Price Registration for Mole Calculations Mastery Workshop 2010

Quick Announcement for Singapore Readers:

Extension to Early Bird Price Registration for Mole Calculations Mastery Workshop 2010

Sean Pix 001

We received a handful of requests for us to extend the bird early registration for the workshop as many schools in Singapore have yet to announce their March Holidays schedule.

We hear you and would want to help committed students to join us at this important (Number 1 killer topics for Chemistry) revision workshop at the special early bird workshop fee.

After much discussion, we have made the decision to extend the early bird registration to 10 March 2010 for all our March Holidays workshop.

Click here for the registration:
http://www.SimpleChemConcepts.com/molecalculations/early-bird.html?r=1

However, do note that we will close registration early once all seats are taken.

We look forward in meeting your child at the workshop!

Cheers to your academic success,
Sean

PS: I was informed that there are only 5 4 seats left. Act now!
http://www.SimpleChemConcepts.com/molecalculations/early-bird.html?r=2

PPS: Want to ace your E-Math? Circles Mastery Workshop is available during March Holidays also. Click on this link to find out more: http://www.singaporeolevelmaths.com/emath-circles.html